Statistics case memo Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

3 Crazy Interview Questions and How to Prepare for Them

3 Crazy Interview Questions and How to Prepare for Them Is it true that you are set up for any odd inquiries a questioner may toss your direction? Profession advertising is at its stature as employing chiefs scan for new intends to locate the correct contender for the activity. Regardless of whether it’s web based life, for example, behemoth vocation organizing webpage LinkedIn, or conventional enrolling, the universe of HR is evolving. Thus should those looking for the privilege fit.Recently, significant organizations, for example, Dropbox, Google, Dell, and Apple have begun cleaning its meeting strategies. Gone are where employing supervisors just posed inquiries about experience, abilities, training, and occupation availability. Presently they blend in a little absurdity just to shake the applicant and see where their brain is. Here are a couple of instances of insane inquiries and why businesses pose them.Shipwrecked with ChoicesIf you were wrecked on a remote location and needed to look over three individuals to support you, w ho might you pick. You can look over ten individuals: the legal counselor, the specialist, the woodworker, the ship’s skipper, the government official, the secondary teacher, the cook, the researcher, the fighter and the policeman.This question may appear to be senseless from the start, however it informs the recruiting director concerning the candidate’s capacity to adjust and their general drive and character. For instance, if the individual picks the secondary teacher, specialist, and craftsman, it would propose they are wanting to remake and start another general public. This shows the employing administrator the individual is fit for skipping once more from a situation.On the other hand, assume the applicant picks the ship’s skipper, legal advisor, and craftsman. This shows a solid tendency the individual qualities solid authority over individual gifts. Be that as it may, a definitive situation wanted is the competitor who picks the craftsman, the ship†™s chief, and the fighter. This shows they are intending to get off the island and transform lemons into lemonade.Extra CargoIf you were approached to empty a Boeing 747 loaded with jam beans, what might you do first?This question checks the candidate’s capacity to think outside about the crate. An individual who answers that would request help demonstrates a solid tendency to group building. Some would state they would plan time to empty the heap all the more effectively. As indicated by Bose, one of the most well known answers showed the person’s inventiveness, sympathy towards others, and capacity to take care of issues on the spot. The individual who got the most noteworthy acclaim said they would open the midsection of the plane and dump the whole substance on a poor, starving country.Others said they would arrange the load staff to empty the plane, while one even endeavored to conceal the beans. Whatever the appropriate response, businesses realized whether the up-and-comer had the option to settle on strong choices on the spot or whether they could exceed expectations in a quick paced atmosphere.Clash of TitansWho would win in a battle among Superman and Batman?While this is the well established inquiry of comic book nerds all over, this basic inquiry likewise shows the manner of thinking behind responding to bizarre inquiries. First Superman is too solid, ready to fly, has heat vision and snowstorm breath, and is for all intents and purposes indestructible. Then again, while Batman is solid and quick, he is not even close as solid or quick as Superman. In any case, Batman has prevalent battling abilities, a tool belt loaded with perilous shocks, and the craftiness and mind of the best crazy criminal.One applicant said Batman’s modify sense of self, very rich person Bruce Wayne, has enough cash to purchase kryptonite and make a weapon to wound or even murder Superman. This shows the activity searcher as a person who doesn’t surrender until they have discovered an answer for a genuine, unsolvable issue. This out of the case believing is what helps these up-and-comers succeed.Get prepared for the hard QuestionsHow can an up-and-comer set themselves up for these kind of inquiries? Basic answer is its absolutely impossible to get ready for the obscure. It’s how you work with the data that’s significant. The accompanying do’s and don’ts will assist up-and-comers with settling on the best decision and win the job.Do:Take time to comprehend what they are asking.Ask inquiries to check whether more data is available.Consider the outcomes.Don’t:Overthink the question.Go for the undeniable answer.Say you don’t know.No matter what the inquiry, employing administrators have taken in these regularly senseless and abnormal inquiries cause contender to utilize mental ability they typically wouldn’t display. Any questioner can request that they take care of an issue in their strength, however what does that demonstrate? Posing inquiries that power applicants in an awkward and unthinkable circumstance draws out their actual capacities and skills.Note: this article was initially distributed on TopResume.TopResume is a Talent Inc. organization, the individual marking goal for all vocation driven experts. Through our broad system of expert essayists, we offer profession counsel and break down and compose a greater number of resumes and LinkedIn profiles than some other help on the planet. Prepared to begin? Solicitation a free resume evaluate today.

5 Reasons To View The Nicholas C. Rossis Author Blog

5 Reasons To View The Nicholas C. Rossis Author Blog Its not every day that a writer offers free content and book marketing advice. When I encounter oneâ€"especially one that can help writers get past major hurdles in selling their workâ€"its hard to keep quiet about it. Thats why I want to share five reasons to view the Nicholas C. Rossis author blog.Reason #1: Nicholas C. Rossis is a fascinating authorFrom the opening lines of his introductionâ€"I live to write and do so from my cottage on the edge of a magical forest in Athens, Greeceâ€"Nicholas C. Rossis shows his unique brand of epic description. Upon additional perusing through his author blog, his work in both the fiction and nonfiction realms is alive with humor, humility, and imagination.To get to know him better as an author, listen to one of the many interviews available on his website. These are the best introduction to learn who he is and why he loves writing. For example, there is this interview with Ron Yates for RRBC Rave Waves BlogTalkRadio, along with this one focusin g on book marketing tips with Bernard Kelvin Clive.Reason #2: All of his writing is free to readRossis work includes fiction (of the dark, epic fantasy kind), nonfiction, childrens stories and short storiesâ€"all of which are available free on Kindle Unlimited or for a small fee on Amazons free reading apps.His most recent book, A Heaven For Toasters, is described as a science fiction crime adventure with plenty of humor and romance, set in the near future. The back cover reads:A souvlaki and some sun. That is all Detective Mika Pensive wanted from her fun weekend away on the Greek island of Hydra. Instead, she finds herself caught up in a sinister plot, hatched by a reclusive billionaire with a penchant for illegal genetic engineering. As if that wasnt bad enough, she has to put up with her new partner, Leo. Leo is an androidâ€"or toaster, as people scornfully call his kind. The only thing that could make things even worse would be for the headstrong Mika to fall for Leo. But peopl e dont fall for toastersâ€"do they?Nicholas C. Rossis, A Heaven For ToastersThe cover of Rossis book, A Heaven for ToastersIf you dont have Kindle Unlimited, you can still purchase his books at low prices. Here are the links to some of the other books he has published:Emotional Beats: How to Easily Convert your Writing into Palpable Feelings (Author Tools Book 1)Summary: This emotional thesaurus includes hundreds of examples that you can use for your inspiration, so that you, too, can harness this technique to easily convert your writing into palpable feelings. Genre fiction authors can use Emotional Beat as a feeling thesaurus and watch their writing take off!Runaway Smile: An unshared smile is a wasted smile (Mystery Smiles Book 1)Summary: A little boy wakes up in the morning and realizes he has lost his smile. After spending the entire day trying to find it, he learns the truth behind smiles: the only real smiles are the shared ones.Pearseus Bundle: The Complete Pearseus Sci-fi/F antasy SeriesSummary: Combining fantasy with science fiction, Pearseus is filled with passion, warfare, and betrayal. Described as ancient Greece in space, it gives readers who want a different kind of fantasy an exciting new series to devour.Musiville: Lets face the music and conduct (Mystery Smiles Series) (Volume 2)Summary: The only thing that can save Musiville is a musical symphony. Sounds easy enough. But in a world where everyone believes only their own music to be worth playing, it is the hardest task the villages musical animals have ever faced.Reason #3: He offers valuable advice about writing and marketing your bookThere is an entire section on the Nicholas Rossis blog dedicated to marketing your book. If you are an indie author and in the throes of gaining an audience for your writing, these tips will be absolutely indispensable during the marketing process. Among them, he provides information on marketing your book across various platforms, including Facebook, Twitter a nd Amazon.Here is a sampling of the many tips he offers:A-Z guide: How both my books reached #1 on AmazonHow to Score Great Amazon Reviews: Resources and MoreHow to Tame Amazons Algorithm to Increase your Sales RankHow to Use Facebook Ads to Gain Subscribers and to Promote a GiveawayUnderstanding Amazon ACoS (Advertising Cost of Sale): What is it?Advertise with Amazon: a Step-by-step TutorialHow to Increase Your Amazon Click-Through Rate (CTR)Book Marketing Essentials: Positioning your WorkI Just Published my Book. Now What?7 fool-proof marketing tips to promote your blogAdditionally, on the Author Resources tab, Rossis advertises his work with an online media company, Istomedia. He mentions that for the past 25 years, his day job has been working to develop websites. As an author who has built his own website, he works specifically with other authors who want to have their own author website to market their work. He also offers a 30% discount for readers of his blog. Since the blog is so informative, this is certainly a win-win! He will also help you create your book cover for a reasonable price.Reason #4: Optimism (and entertainment) aboundsIn a world where bad news and political scandal fills the media, its nice to run across a blog that offers optimistic, fun, and useful entertainment. The Nicholas C. Rossis blog is one such blog. While much of the content is focused on writing and the literary world, there are some posts that are written simply for a fun, optimistic read.For example, the recent post, How the world got better in 2018, he notes multiple ways in which things got better last year, including increasing use of green energy around the world, increasing environmental protection for the worlds oceans, 50 animals species that were on the endangered list are now removed, falling global poverty levels, and greater access to electricity around the world, among others. Although these topics have little to do with writing or marketing books, the piece i s well-written and informativeâ€"two aspects of a blog that make it worth your time to read.Author Nicholas C. RossisReason #5: His writing is superbRossis has won numerous awards for his writing. His first childrens book, Runaway Smile, was awarded the Gelett Burgess Childrens Book Award, and was a finalist in the 2015 International Book Awards, in the Childrens Fiction category and a Childrens Fiction Finalist in the 2015 Independent Author Network Book of the Year Awards.His collection of short stories and flash fiction, entitled Infinite Waters: A Collection of Science Fiction/Speculative Fiction Short Stories (Exciting Destinies Book 2), was voted as one of the best 50 Indie books of 2015. Both of these titles, along with the rest of his work, is available for free on Kindle and Amazon.Here is an excerpt from Simulation Over, one of the stories in The Power of Six, a collection of seven short stories.Without waiting for my reply, the elevator started its calm descent again. Thi s time it headed straight for the basement where the heart of the building was located. Or, should I say, its brain. I gazed with longing as the ground floor button lit up, then desperate hope turned into trepidation as it went dark again. The indication changed to a simple red hyphen and the elevator finally stopped with a gentle jolt. The doors slid apart and cool air caressed our faces. After the stifling heat above, the result of the many small fires around the building, this felt like balm on our skin.Nicholas C. Rossis, Simulation OverMy overall impressionThere are many author blogs available online that are created and written solely to market the authors work. However, the Nicholas C. Rossis blog seems to go a step beyond that to help other authors market their work, and provide valuable guidance from a fellow author who has learned the ropes. Specifically, I found Rossis advice on understanding the various marketing platformsâ€"such as Amazon and Facebookâ€"to be extremely valuable, since these two platforms can be confusing for new authors who are first-timers in the realm of book marketing and sales.Additionally, Rossis writing is fun, imaginative, and easy to readâ€"particularly for those interested in the sci-fi and fantasy genres. Whether you are an author looking for advice, or just an avid reader, be sure to check this one out. You wont be disappointed.

What Does Mestizaje Play Latin America And The United...

Many historians, educators and philosophers have tried to understand and research what the term â€Å"mestizaje† truly means. When you research the term you will see thousands of different journals and articles come up, because there is not a one, true definition and understanding of mestizaje. A basic idea however of the term is the mixture and culture blend of ancestries. In English the term is miscegenation which is defined as the interbreeding of people considered to be of different racial types. Throughout history in every part of the world we see mestizaje and the controversy and benefits that come with it. Although some people might view this cultural blend in a negative connotation no one can deny the influences to society in the past and the present that has taken place, and what is its importance in Latin America and in the United States. To fully understand the term, one must first pay attention to three central ideas. To start off you must first simply define the word mestizaje, and understand how mestizaje plays a role in Latin American societies by blending and dividing cultures. By defining this principal one may then illustrate how these cultural differences translate to racial differences in the United States. Furthermore, I will be able to explicate personal experiences on how the University of Alabama addresses some of the principles of mestizaje and how it has affected my life in general. Mestizaje is a term that can be defined in many ways through literature,Show MoreRelatedRacism In Latin America Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pagescannot be ignored. But what is rarely talked about is how these conditions are incredibly similar to those that people in Latin America have to endure as well. Racism does not end at the borders of the United States, and in fact, they only seem to get worse in countries that are less developed. Latin Americans themselves will admit that their families have racist tendencies. And, although most Latinos are people of color, Eurocentric standards of beauty still dominate Latin culture. Beauty is fairRead MoreThe Philippine Architecture: Spanish Colonial Period18287 Words   |  74 PagesSpanish Colonial Period Chapter Review Arch 117 Abegail Imee R. Enriquez 2012-68836 Spanish Colonial Period How does Spanish Colonial architecture reflect Filipino identity? Discuss the various building types and their relationship to pre-colonial architecture in your arguments. Spanish colonial architecture reflects Filipino identity mostly through the Religious Architecture. As what the world knows, Philippines is the only Catholic country in Southeast Asia; thus, most of our structures all overRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 Pagesof the study 2.1 Scope and methodology 4 7 7 3. Racism and individual and collective human rights 3.1 A note on cultural and ethnic identity 9 11 4. Racism: colonial inheritance 4.1 Nicaragua: multiethnic and pluricultural state 4.2 The historic roots of differences, discrimination, and racism 4.2.1 Spanish Conquest and its repercussions in Indigenous cultures of the Pacific, Central and North 4.2.2 English colonization in the Caribbean Coast region 4.2.3 The Liberal

Egyptian Love Poems Essay - 1239 Words

Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. How they made sense of love 3 3. Girl, boy and society 4 4. 3 Themes of love prevalent in Love Songs 5 5. Conclusion 6 6. Work cited 7 1. Introduction During the time of ancient Egypts New Kingdom, love songs were recorded and later discovered by excavators. The importances of these songs are that they contradicted the perception which Egyptologists had of the ancient Egyptians. No longer were the ancient Egyptians viewed as being a dull society, focused on death and the afterlife, but rather a society with a love for living through loving love itself (Fowler 1994:xiv). Thus, in this essay, through analyzing the Ramesside love songs, I shall explore this different view†¦show more content†¦Thus, what we can deduct from the love songs is that the ancient Egyptians understood and could make sense of what the concept love was and meant to themselves and their society. 3. Girl, boy and society Now that is clear that the ancient Egyptians could understand what love was, the question begs as to what this understanding entailed. When analyzing ancient Egyptian love songs, what I firstly noted was that the concept of love was not stereotyped in being predominantly a masculine or a feminine concept. Both men and woman expressed their emotions of both pain and joy throughout (Fowler 1994:30). However, some contrast does exist in a few songs in that girls are portrayed as being more assertive, more dominant and taken more initiative than boys (Fowler 1994:40). This is clear as boys are never portrayed in addressing their loved one in the second person, rather in the third person and also, does not initiate action but rather sits and waits for action to come his way (Fowler 1994:62). Thus, these love songs provide us with an insight into the manner which couples behaved, and were viewed by others when in love. This view and understanding of love I believe is a direct reflection of the ancient Egyptian society where woman were seen as being sexually untrustworthy and men the slave to this sexual nature of woman. Furthermore, although it is clear that the concept of love was symbolized through the ultimate togetherness of lovers, beingShow MoreRelatedThe Connection Between Nature And Love1066 Words   |  5 Pagesrenounced artist, Vincent Van Gough once said, â€Å"If you truly love nature, you will find beauty everywhere†. Often people associate nature with just being the outdoors, plants, and animals, but it also can be more than that, such as human nature. In other words, the art and desires of humans and what is considered â€Å"natural†. This connection of human nature is depicted through the desires and human love shown in the Egyptian love poems. Poems such as â€Å"Sister Without Peer†, â€Å"My Brother Torments my Heart†Read MoreHistory And Traditions Of Ancient Egypt886 Words   |  4 Pagescollection of ancient Egyptian love poems written by average citizens was uncovered in Deir el-Medina and, like all other works of literature, within the writing, th ere are details indicative of their values. Because of their special nature, the poems offer an alternative viewpoint to the experiences of commoners. The love reflected in the poetry of ordinary ancient Egyptians was affected by their society’s customs, family, and religion. The social mores of ancient Egypt influenced love as indicated inRead MoreAncient Egyptian Poetry Analysis1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ancient Egyptians write their poems in a style that allows them to be interpreted different ways based on different perspectives. Although Egyptians don’t go for flowers and chocolates, they do have love poetry to express their emotions, such as in John Foster’s translation of â€Å"I Think I’ll Go Home and Lie Very Still.† I can relate to this poem because of the love sickness I feel each day. Poetry for the Egyptians is like social media for millennials today; a way to express what their heart feelsRead MoreThe Symbolism of Water1381 Words   |  6 PagesWater is a viable symbol because it is versatile. It can be used to represent many different ideals because water in itself is ever changing. Water is used in many works to represent such ideals as death, life, love, betrayal, purity, holiness, and so on. Giglamesh, the Old Testament, Egyptian Poetry, and The Odyssey all have symbolized water to represent an idea portrayed in the work. Giglamesh symbolizes water in two different meanings, as life and death. Giglamesh uses water to represent lifeRead MoreReview Of Genesis And The Garden Of Eden 1440 Words   |  6 Pagessuch a crucial moment Israel culture and rules that will be repeated throughout the books. God is active throughout â€Å"Exodus†, Out of all the Israelite’s babies that was ordered to be killed by the Egyptians one baby boy was alive because his mom put him in the Nile. Moses flee after killing an Egyptian overseer for beating on a Israelite which was apparently related to Moses too. He ends up in the wild and runs into God disguises as a burning bush. God tells him to go save the Israelites in EgyptRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ozymandias 1512 Words   |  7 Pagescompact poem. The historical context of the poem is important to consider when analyzing the poem for underlying perspectives. Johnstone Parr, an author that contributed to Keats-Shelley Journal, analyzed the poem fo r historical influences, and learned the following: â€Å"The ultimate source of information concerning Ozymandias is the account in Diodorus Siculus’ Biliotheca Historica (first century B.C.). Diodurus remarks that at the second gateway of the funeral temple or â€Å"tomb† of an Egyptian king knownRead MoreOzymandias, Words for Eternity1136 Words   |  5 Pagestombstone of the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II. Ozymandias is undoubtedly one of both Percy Bysshe Shelleys and romantic poetrys best known works. It was written in December of 1817 during a writing contest and it was published in 1818. Shelley was part of the Romantic Movement that originated in 18th century Europe. The Romantics, including Shelley, are characterized by a strong sense of individualism. 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One value of Sumer and of Mesopotamia is the love of religion and the beliefs in their gods. Religion plays a huge role in the values of the Sumerians as each large settlement has a temple where a priestly class acts as managers. Worship held a central role in Sumerian life, even as much that theyRead MoreCommentary English Poetry Ib Sample779 Words   |  4 PagesA Commentary on Behavior of Fish in an Egyptian Tea Garden by Keith Douglas. *The description of the men drawn to her starts with the rich cotton magnate immediately establishing the hierarchy the author seeks to show*. This hierarchy is further developed*in the actions of the different suitors. The rich magnate ‘through the frail reefs of furniture swims out’, the inverted syntax* in the line* suggesting grace and power. *T*he self-assured manner in which he acts suggests that the rich man is above

Correctional Treatment Free Essays

string(63) " release of low risk offenders \(Latessa Smith, 2007\)\." THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT Samuel Crosby II Liberty University Abstract There are many different theories on how to keep recidivism rates from increasing, thus preventing crime. Studies do not show that incarceration can accomplish this task alone; however, there is empirical evidence that supports the idea of implementing effective correctional treatment to reduce the recidivism rates. There are conflicting opinions that show a discrepancy between those that believe that criminals should punished for their crimes or afforded the ability to receive treatment while in the correctional system. We will write a custom essay sample on Correctional Treatment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Surveys show that Americans support the idea of offenders being incarcerated while being rehabilitated; however, they are not in favor of a solely punitive justice system. In light of the evidence that incarceration does not reduce the recidivism rates, there are other identified alternatives that have been proven to be more effective. This paper will discuss some of the correctional programs that work, the principles necessary for their success and the barriers and strategies for implementation of these treatment programs. The Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment In 2003 there were nearly seven million people in the United States under some form of correctional control (Lowenkamp, Latessa and Smith 2006). Other statistics show that in the next year almost five million offenders were on probation or parole (Bonta, Rugge, Scott, Bourgon, Yessine, 2008). With such great numbers of offenders in the correctional system, one can see how important effective correctional treatment would be in reducing recidivism. However there are conflicting opinions on whether or not treatment should be provided for criminal offenders and whether or not such reatment is actually effective. Some believe that corrections should be utilized as a punishment for offenders and justice for victims; however, others support the idea of punishment and justice in conjunction with rehabilitation to provide for social welfare (Cullen, Smith, Lowenkamp, Latessa, 2007). The risk principle states that the level of supervision or services be equal to the level of the offender ris k. The need principle targets characteristics that are closely related to the likelihood of an offender re-offending. The responsivity principle is based on the social and learning principles. Assessing the offenders risk and needs at the beginning of supervision has shown to be an essential part to determine the possibility of the offender re-offending. Treatment should offer a variety of different interventions that will be conducive to the population in which it is intended to serve. One important goal of correctional treatment should be to prevent crime, provide public safety, and rehabilitate offenders, thus reducing recidivism. Research on Incapacitation The theory of incapacitation is that we have the ability to prevent offenders from committing more crimes. When we incarcerate an offender who commits a crime, they are no longer able to commit any more crimes in the community. Collective incapacitation is one of two basic approaches that suggest that we take all offenders who commit crimes and place them into prison. Selective incapacitation suggests that we identify those individuals who will commit crimes in the future and place them in prison. This approach is less expensive, every criminal is not incarcerated and prison space is not being wasted on offenders who should not be incarcerated for long periods of time. The effect that confinement has on reducing the crime rated is called the incapacitative effect. Research has not supported recidivism reductions through incarceration. In addition, such excessive use of prison sentences is costly (Smith et al. , 2002). For example, Smith, Goggin, and Gendreau (2002) conducted an investigation on deterrent effects of prison sentence length. Conclusions revealed that there is a correlation between increases in recidivism and an increase in the length of time the offender was incarcerated. Ultimately, research supported the hypothesis that recidivism reductions should not be expected through incapacitation. Support for Punishment in Corrections There is conflicting research and opinions regarding whether or not criminal offenders should be punished through criminal sanctions or receive treatment while in the correctional system. It proceeds with the belief that prison officials, who should not be referred to as correctional officers, are there to assist criminals in accepting responsibility for past criminal actions and accountability for their current behaviors. Intermediate Sanctions Intermediate sanctioning is defined as a punishment option that is considered on a continuum to fall between probation and incarceration (Latessa Smith, 2007). There are some criminal offenses where jail time is not an appropriate sentencing. The punishment should equal the crime committed. These sanctions were originally created to provide a wide variety of alternatives to incarceration and to cut down on the expense of housing an inmate. There are different types of intermediate sanctions: intensive supervision programs, electronic monitoring programs, house arrest, home detention, drug court and boot camps just to name a few. Intermediate sanctions must be perceived as reasonably safe, they must address the public’s desire for punishment through community control, secure restitution for victims and offer an opportunity for positive change by providing treatment and employment skills. Intensive supervision started back in the 1950’s and it is seen as the most commonly used community based intermediate sanction (Latessa Smith, 2007). Research shows that intensive supervision did not curtail recidivism; it leads to more technical violations, higher failure rates and more revocations (Latessa Smith 2007). Electronic Monitoring As a part of intensive supervision, an offender may also be placed on electronic monitoring (EM), which was introduced in 1964 by Schwitzgebel (Latessa Smith, 2007). Those placed on EM have been classified as high risk based on their risk and need assessment. The goal of EM is to provide a cost-effective tool for offenders outside of being incarcerated in prison. EM does not target nor does it reduce the risk factors that are correlated with offender recidivism (Latessa Smith 2007). Boot Camp Boot camps began in 1983 in Georgia and Oklahoma and have since for quite some time flourished throughout the nation. The primary purpose of the program is to manage prison population growth by facilitating early release of low risk offenders (Latessa Smith, 2007). You read "Correctional Treatment" in category "Papers" While in a boot camp offenders are subjected to military drills and discipline, physical exercise, hard physical labor, specialized education and training and counseling and treatment for substance abuse and addiction (Latessa Smith ,2007). Research regarding the effects of boot camps shows no reduction in the crime rates. Latessa and Smith, 2007 suggest that boot camps have two fatal flaws: they fail to target criminogenic risk factors and they model aggressive behavior. Therefore, it has been determined that boot camps do not do a good job at reducing recidivism rates. In a study in Texas in 1999 four different types of community facilities were compared, of those four boot camps reported re-arrest rates nearly double the other programs (Latessa Smith, 2007). Drug Courts Drug Court is a program that is made up of a team that includes the probation officer, the court, treatment provider and someone who brings everyone together at a particular time to discuss the progress of the offender while in the program. It offers increased offender contacts as well as substance abuse treatment. This program is for those offenders who were under the influence of drugs when they committed their crime. If the drug problem is addressed, the likelihood of the offender committing new crimes can be reduced, this program is cost effective and it reduces recidivism rates a little (Latessa Smith, 2007). Probation Probation is a court-ordered period of supervision that is served in the community as an alternative to prison. In some cases, an offender can receive a split sentence where a period of incarceration is served and once completed a period of probation is served in the community. Research shows that probation alone is not very effective in reducing recidivism. However, rehabilitative efforts are most effective when provided in the community in lieu of incarceration. In a 1998 National institute of Justice study of what works, there were a number of intermediate sanctions that were not effective in reducing recidivism rates. Included were boot camps, probation, home detention with electronic monitoring and wilderness programs for youthful offenders (Latessa Smith, 2007). Gendreau, Goggin, and Fulton (1996) as cited in Latessa Smith (2007) conducted a meta- analysis of intermediate sanctions, they examined a total of 44 ISP programs, of those they found no effect of recidivism and in some cases they found an increase in recidivism. Cognitive Behavioral Programs There is growing evidence that cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) methods are among the most effective in reducing offender recidivism rates. This method targets antisocial attitudes, values, beliefs (Smith, 2007). It attempts to restructure criminal thinking as well as developing appropriate new skills. A meta-analysis of sixty-nine research studies that covered both behavioral and cognitive behavioral programs concluded that CBT were most effective in regards to reducing recidivism (Landenberger Lipsey, 2005). Lipsey and Landenberger discovered that the treatment of those offenders who are more likely to re-offend, extensive staff training, and CBT being set up for research purpose and not real world purposes, tends to have a larger effect on the recidivism rates. Ideally in theory, these methods can be used as a preventative measure for victims of domestic abuse and other social issues that are potential gateways to becoming involved in the criminal justice system. Domestic abuse is another unfortunate way that children can become involved with the justice system. A child’s types of maltreatment, gender, age and support systems are all additional factors that affect a child’s response to the exposure of domestic violence (Overlien, 2009). Children that are younger are more vulnerable to be affected by the abuse because they are more likely to view the abuse in the home visually as opposed to older children (Overlien, 2009). The exposure of domestic violence has been known to be associated with many other problems in children. Some of these problems include: â€Å"poor peer relationships, higher loneliness levels during school, less likely to get along with other children, more likely to get into fights, more likely to be disliked by peers and showing more aggression towards the same sex peers† (Hunter, Katz Klowden, 2008). There are also children that are exposed to domestic violence that do not react negatively. A study that was done in a battered women’s shelter showed that one third of the children in this particular shelter had no particular outcomes from being exposed to abuse in the home. It was concluded that those children were members of families that avoided from the negative effects of domestic violence (Hunter, Katz Klowden, 2008). Evidence-Based Corrections Research indicates that criminal justice agencies can reduce offender recidivism rates greatly by implementing a series of evidence-based practices. To implement these types of programs will require agencies to change the way they think to do their day to day operations. Interventions within corrections are considered effective when they reduce offender risk and recidivism and therefore make a positive long-term contribution towards public safety (Clawson, Bogue, Joplin, 2005). There are eight principles for effective offender interventions. The first step in correctional treatment is evaluating the offender’s predictors of recidivism. The second principle is to enhance intrinsic motivation. Research strongly suggests that motivational interviewing effectively enhance motivation for initiating and maintaining behavior changes (Clawson, Bogue Joplin, 2005). The third principle is the responsivity principle. It evaluates the offender’s learning styles and capabilities to match the offender with the appropriate treatment style and treatment provider. The fourth principle is to make sure that the staff is well trained to use cognitive behavioral treatment methods. The fifth principle is to increase positive reinforcement. Research shows that a ratio of four positive to every one negative reinforcement is optimal for promoting behavioral change (Clawson et al. , 2005). The sixth principle is to engage ongoing support in natural communities. Offenders tend to revert back to their old ways when they return to their communities (Clawson et al. , 2005). The seventh principle is to evaluate related processes and practices by obtaining comprehensive and accurate documentation of case information that is necessary for measuring outcomes of evidence-based practices (Clawson et al. 2005). The final principle is to provide measurable feedback to offenders regarding their progress, which builds accountability and is associated with enhanced motivation to change (Clawson et al. , 2005). There are eight lessons that can be learned from Michael Lewis’s book, Moneyball. This book documents the effective use of evidence-based practices. Moneyball provides useful information through which to assess why many corr ectional agencies are ineffective in the services they provide. The first lesson is that correctional treatment programs are not financed properly as resources to effectively implement programs are scarce during an economic crisis (Cullen, Myer Latessa, 2009). The second lesson is that correction is often based on common sense rather than scientific evidence (Cullen et al. , 2009). The third lesson is that correctional officials are in favor of programs that â€Å"look good† rather than programs that are effective based on evidence (Cullen et al. , 2009). The fourth lesson is that theories that lack empirical evidence lead to ineffective intervention programs (Cullen et al. , 2009). The fifth lesson is that corrections is charged with making an array of different and difficult decisions; who to place in jail, who to place on some type of community supervision and who to provide services to(Cullen et al. , 2009). The sixth lesson is correction knowledge destruction techniques will be used to reject evidence-based approaches. These are attempts to undermine the accomplishments of successful interventions (Cullen et al. , 2009). The seventh lesson is that in corrections there is a high cost when scientific evidence on what works is ignored. The eighth and final lesson in corrections is that evidence-based practices will eventually be difficult to ignore (Cullen et al. , 2009). There are three challenges that will have to be addressed in order for an evidence-based model to take hold and shape practice (Cullen et al. , 2009). The first challenge is for the new generation of criminologists to engage in knowledge construction, that is, to use evidence to design the interventions that are geared towards offender reform. The second challenge is that criminologists should be more apt to share the information in regards to how best to assess and reform offenders with other scholars, this is known as knowledge dissemination. The third and final challenge is to make sure that when evidence-based practices are developed and shared, that the programs are implemented and sustained with integrity (Cullen et al. , 2009). Risk Assessments There are two types of risk factors: static and dynamic. Static predictors cannot be changed. For example, past history of misconduct, criminal history, prior arrest, age of first arrest, or the number of times of incarceration (Smith, 2007). Dynamic predictors are things that are capable of being changed, such as, antisocial values, peer association, substance abuse, criminal thinking and lack of employment. The first generations, also known as clinical assessments, do not use tests or checklists to classify offenders (Gendreau, Goggin Smith, 1999). Counselors use their own professional judgment and gut feelings to classify offenders. The second generation of risk assessments uses actuarial risk assessment instruments (Van Voorhis, 2008). This assessment used structured tests to predict whether or not an offender would re-offend. This assessment is a step up from the first generation, but it still lacks the ability to help make treatment decisions and programming decisions (Van Voorhis, 2008). The final generation of risk assessment is not limited to static variable. It takes into account that prior criminal activity in not the only prerequisite for re-offending. An example of this type of risk assessment is the Level of Service Inventory. It combines the dynamic risk factors and the static risk factors into one instrument that produces one score (Gendreau et al. , 1999). The score shows how likely an offender will commit future criminal activity. It has been determined to be one of the best instruments available in predicting recidivism (Smith, 2007). Strategies for Effective Program Implementation There is evidence that shows a correlation between reductions in recidivism and the quality of implementation. Gendreau, Goggin Smith (1999) comprised a preliminary list of 32 guiding principles for effective program implementation. These principles have been categorized under four topics which are general organization factors, program factors, change agent and staffing activities (Gendreau et al. , 1999). General Organization Factors Organizational factors deal with the agency implementing the program (Gendreau et al. , 1999) recommend that agencies have a history of efficient program implementations. These agencies should be decentralized and flexible for better handling of problems that may arise; such issues need to be resolved in a timely manner and on a non-confrontational basis. Treatment programs should include bi-annual assessments of offenders and include a formal program on instruction. Agencies need professional connections to consultants or educational specialists for assistance when necessary. A major factor to consider is personnel issues within the agency providing treatment. Programs will be more successful when little organizational conflict and low staff turnover exists. Program Factors Treatment programs must be supported by key individuals and the community. The host agency should be responsible for program funding; however, such funding must not interrupt the already existing programs and should be cost effective. According to (Gendreau et al. , 1999) most programs lack adequate literature review prior to implementation. Therefore, the program should be researched and empirically based. Programs should be transitional and focus on organizational goals. Research shows that a 15 to 30 percent decreases in recidivism is a reasonable goal to reach; programs should be implemented with such reasonable goals (Gendreau et al. , 1999). Conclusion Empirically based correctional treatment programs are very important. Continued research is necessary to determine what new programs will be effective in reducing crime. While there have been some programs that have been identified and have shown the promise of being effective, more research must to be done to convince policy makers that correctional treatment can be effective and is well worth the money spent to prevent future criminal activity. References Bonta, J. , Rugge, T. , Scott, T. , Bourgon, G. , Yessine, A. K. (2008). Exploring the Black Box of Community Supervision. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 47, 248-270. Clawson, E. , B. Bogue and L. Joplin (2005) Implementing Evidenced-based Practices in Corrections . Cullen, F. T. , Smith, P. , Lowenkemp, C. T. , and Latessa, E. J. (2007). Nothing Works Revisted: Deconstructing Farabee’s Rethinking Rehabilitation. Forthcoming Journal of Offender Rehabilitation. Cullen F. T. , A. J. Myer, and E. J. Latessa (2009). Eight Lessons Learned from Moneyball: The High Cost of Ignoring Evidence-Based Corrections Victim and Offenders Journal of Evidence-Based Policies and Practices Gendreau, P. , Goggin, C. , , P. (1999). The Forgotten Issue in Effective Correctional Treatment: Program Implementation. International Journal of Offender Therapy, 43, 108-187. Hunter, E. , Katz, L. F. , Klowden, A. , (2008). Intimate Partner Violence and Children’s Reaction to Peer Provocation: The moderating Role of Emotion Coaching. Journal of Family Psychology, doi: 10. 1037/a0012793 Landenberger, N. A. , and M. W. Lipsey (2005). The Positive Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Programs for Offenders: A Meta Analysis of Factors Associated with Effective Treatment. Journal of Experimental Criminology, (in press). Latessa, E. J. P. Smith. (2007). Corrections in the Community. Lowenkamp, C. , T. , E. Latessa, and P. Smith (2006). Does Correctional Program Quality Really Matter? The Impact of Adhering to the Principles of Effective Intervention. Criminology and Public Policy, 5 (3). Overlien, C. , (2009, December 8). Children Exposed to Domestic Violence: Conclusions from The Literature and Challenges Ahead. Journal of Social Work, 10(80) doi: 10. 1177/1468017309350663 Smith, P. , C. Goggin, P. Gendreau (2002). The effects of Prison Sentences and Intermediate Sanctions on Recidivism: General Effects and Individual Differences. Van Voorhis, P. , M. Braswell D. Lester. , (2007). Correctional Counseling Rehabilitation. How to cite Correctional Treatment, Papers

Therapeutic Communication free essay sample

University of Makati College of Allied Health Study Title2: Relationship of therapeutic communication of nurses as a contributing factor to patient’s satisfaction in Ospital ng Makati: A basis for tips on effective use of therapeutic communication †¢ Related Literatures †¢ Background of the study †¢ Statement of Problems †¢ Hypotheses †¢ Significance of the study †¢ Scope and limitations Submitted by: Marinay, Jane Paula P. Pesebre, Johnette P. Related Literatures: 1. Cheermith Villarosa: Some of the nurses don’t understand the feelings of the patients, but some people understand it. But I’m just curious of one thing. Why some of the patients are getting well if theyre nurses is talking to them? I’m just curious of how did nurses do that? It is really amazing for me! So I search one of the hospitals in here in my country Philippines to ask the nurses about this topic. When I ask some nurses there I was so surprise when she answers my question. We will write a custom essay sample on Therapeutic Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My question goes like this, â€Å"are you having a conversation with your patients? † She answers it like this, â€Å"I always have a conversation with my patients because every time I do talk to them that will be the only way your patient will trust you and you’re too lucky if your patients trust you. And every time you medicate your patient they will not ask you â€Å"what is that? † all that they know is that the medicine that you will gave them is the only way that they will recover and having a conversation to your patients is a proper way of being a nurse. Not just the talk but the way you took care to them also. † 2. Barbara Bryant: Nurses spend more time with and often get to know patients better than physicians do, especially in the hospital setting. As a result, they need to interact with patients on many different levels to assess their moods and perspectives to help them prepare for and undergo treatment. Nurses need to develop relationships with patients and make them feel at ease in the clinical setting, but also maintain a professional relationship with them at a time when they may be emotionally vulnerable. o Balance of Power Nurses have knowledge, skills and authority that patients count on, which makes patients dependent on them, the British Columbia College of Registered Nurses website points out. This can make patients feel vulnerable and, perhaps at times, defensive. Gentle, nonjudgmental interactions with patients are key to earning their trust and willingness to communicate. Rapport Open communication between nurses and patients is important because nurses may need to recognize subtle cues from reticent patients to understand what theyre thinking and feeling if they are feeling afraid or defensive. This is especially if theyve been admitted on short notice, after an accident, or due to a sudden health problem or abuse. They may be disoriented or unwilling at first to explai n the circumstances surrounding their admission if they suddenly find themselves in the hospital. In any case, introducing your name, using the patients name in conversation and maintaining eye contact with the patient helps to form a therapeutic bond, according to the Nursing Made Easy website. Listening carefully to what the patient says and rephrasing the concerns he expresses indicates your understanding of their concerns. o Visual Cues Nurses need to read the physical cues patients send out during interactions. Some patients like to be touched frequently as a gesture of reassurance or solidarity. Others may not wish to be touched due to cultural influences, the Nursing Made Easy website states. The desire to maintain distance could also be caused by psychological trauma. For example, a woman who has been physically assaulted by a male may not want to be touched soon thereafter by a male physician or nurse. This is a subtle form of communication nurses should pick up on. 3. Wanda Lockwood: Therapeutic communication begins with the nurse showing respect for the patient and family members and recognizing that communication includes not only verbal responses but also nonverbal expressions, such as tone of voice, body language and facial expression. The nurse must listen and observe carefully and use communication techniques that promote better communication in order to understand the needs and feelings of the patient. o Use names Mrs. Markson, I am John Stevens, your nurse. Using a persons name makes her feel more valued, and introducing yourself is a basic step in establishing a therapeutic interaction. o Show empathy You should be honest with the patient and acknowledge his concerns and feelings, answering questions as completely as possible. Sometimes the patients nonverbal behavior can communicate more than words. Making observations about what you see can encourage communication: Mr. Brown, your hands are shaking. You seem upset. o Provide encouragement Patients often want to talk about their concerns but are reluctant to impose on your time or feel intimidated. Open-ended questioning may facilitate communication: Miss Jacobson, do you have concerns youd like to talk about? Dont be afraid to allow periods of silence and encourage the patient by brief acknowledgments, such as Yes or I see. Use your own body language, leaning forward and nodding your head, to promote communication. Listen for the implied meanings and encourage people to express them. o Help to orient Illness and hospitalization can be very disorienting for patients, especially the elderly. You should tell the patient what is real without challenging her. If the patient insists someone is crying, respond with what is true. o Include the patient You must remember that patient care should be collaborative and include the patient in decision making whenever possible. The patient often feels at the mercy of the system, but you can help him find ways to feel in control: How can we make these dressing changes more comfortable for you? Asking the patient is more effective than making assumptions: Have the physical therapy treatments helped you to walk better? o Recognize limits You should never try to force the patient to talk or express feelings until he is ready. If the patient doesnt answer a question or chooses not to discuss feelings, back off. Respect the patients right to silence. You can indicate an openness to talk: Im happy to talk with you about your treatments when you like. 4. Lani Thompson: Therapeutic communication is a technique nurses use to promote and enhance the physical and emotional well-being of their patients. Its purpose is three-fold: to collect information, assess and change behavior, and to educate. Nursing schools teach a number of techniques to help nurses communicate with their patients in a supportive and therapeutic manner. o Silence Moments of silence give the nurse and patient time to sort their feelings and think about whats already been communicated. The nurse should let the patient break the silence. o Sharing Nurses can share in a number of ways. Sharing observations such as you look tired can encourage a patient to talk, reported a writer in the article Therapeutic Communication Techniques on the Napa Valley College website. Sharing empathy communicates understanding, while sharing humor gives a feeling of togetherness and friendliness. Finally, when a nurse shares hope, she gives her patient a sense that something can be done. o Using Touch Touching is a powerful way to communicate. It can relax or comfort a patient. Nurses need to be sensitive to patients and ascertain whether touching is acceptable, since some patients may feel threatened by it. o Asking Questions Asking relevant questions allows the nurse to gather important information. A nurse should ask only one open-ended question at a time. An example is What is your biggest problem right now References: †¢ Therapeutic Communication Techniques for Nursing | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/about_5098131_therapeutic-communication-techniques-nursing. html#ixzz1S6I8xOfh †¢ Communication Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship | eHow. om http://www. ehow. com/about_6602331_communication-therapeutic-nurse_client-relationship. html#ixzz1S6GSkFxp †¢ Nursing Therapeutic Communication | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/facts_7194657_nursing-therapeutic-communication. html#ixzz1S6LTVNvV 1 . Gray Pilgrim Therapeutic communication is healing and bringing about positive change through open communication in a patient who is suffering from problems. In this article, I share an overview different types of communication techniques that are used by psychotherapists and psychiatric nurses to help their patients. The problems and the maladies of the body are sometimes easily curable, but the problems of a mind are not that easily solved. To put together the pieces of a fragmented and shattered mind and help it heal itself requires therapeutic communication techniques. A person can only get better and gain his confidence back when he strives to do so, on his own. The role of the therapist and therapeutic communication is to guide them back and help them open up and face their fears and challenges with confidence. Here I discuss some of the therapeutic communication techniques in psychiatric nursing and psychotherapy, that are known to be effective. What is Therapeutic Communication? The term Therapeutic Communication is well chosen. It directly identifies what therapeutic communication techniques mean. It is caring and healing through communication. To slowly guide a patient through the messed up situation he/she is in and help him/her overcome it. The job of psychiatric nursing and psychotherapy is increasingly vital as people are increasingly falling prey to depression and hollowness inside even though they live a life of material abundance and have opportunities like never before. The job of a therapist is to help a patient get to the root cause of his problems through a process of introspection, guided by the therapist. That is why, a therapist needs to be non-judgmental and create an atmosphere where, the patient lets down his guards and communicates openly due to the trust he develops in the therapist. Therapeutic communication techniques are one of the most important part of psychotherapy. Therapists need to have a range of therapeutic communication techniques which help them in dealing with patients with myriad personalities and problem patterns. One of the most important things is that a therapist needs to be sincere and take genuine interest in the person he is trying to help. He needs to walk a thin line of empathy for the patient while still not letting that affect his objective thinking and analysis of the patients problems. Studying transcripts or therapeutic communication techniques examples can help in gaining insight into how the art of reaching through the defenses of a patient is practiced. Case study of similar cases is very important as it can give extra clues for a solution. Therapeutic communication techniques in health care and nursing are also very important. A patient recovering from a debilitating illness needs encouragement and a lot of care from the nursing staff. Positive body language like a smile and demeanor which makes the patient feel cared, can bolster the healing process of a patient. Therapeutic communication techniques in nursing are aimed at healing the mind while medicines can only cure the body. In the next section let us see some of the types of therapeutic communication techniques that are used by therapists. Types of Therapeutic Communication Techniques Here are the major types of therapeutic communication techniques that make it easier for the patient to open up and the therapist to gain insight into what is the source of a patients problems. Undivided Attention Listening Giving your undivided attention to a patient when he talks is very important. Listening intently to what he says and being sympathetic and encouraging through eye contact and body language helps a lot. He should feel that you want to listen to him and are genuinely trying to understand his problems. These non verbal cues are crucial in the initial phase of therapy in creating an encouraging atmosphere. Reflecting Thoughts One way of therapeutic communication and one of the subtlest techniques is reflecting. A patients statement is redirected towards him through similar wording which makes him think about it again from another perspective. Sharing Encouraging Interaction One way of helping and connecting with a patient is to share your own personal experiences with him. This will encourage him to share his own experiences and problems more easily. Direct Questioning and Problem Solving This is the straightforward process where based on the facts and information, gained through questions about problems of patient, the therapist makes concrete suggestions about possible suggestions. This approach can work in case of only certain specific kinds of problems. Identifying Inconsistencies and Contradictions Through the way of conversation the therapist must identify the inconsistencies and contradictions in the thinking of the patient. He must also subtly point out behavioral patterns and habits that are wrong and causing harm. One needs to quietly go on emphasizing the importance of a behavioral change and bring the patient to the point where he acknowledges that he needs to change to get better. These were some of the therapeutic communication techniques employed by therapists. There is no one perfect communication technique of therapy. Every person is different and a therapist needs to explore various ways of reaching out to the person. Children are some of the toughest people to reach out and so are some grownups. All you need is empathy and a non-judgmental caring attitude, backed by sincere concern. 2. Nancy Lydia Kimmel R. N. , Ph. D. , C. H. M. M. Nursing is a caring profession. It is also a profession that is more and more evidenced based in practice. In as much as the scientific aspects of nursing is increasing due to the complex technological advancement of medicine and the machinery that is used at the patients bedside, the fact remains that the nurse is the first person that the client usually comes in contact with in any emergency or hospital setting. Having said this, the term, caring is an essential emotion that all nurses, for that matter, all individuals in the health profession must possess. With caring comes the trained ability of the nurse to facilitate therapeutic communication. One might ask, what is therapeutic communication? To better answer this question, the term communication should first be defined. Communication can be defined as The Process of transmitting messages and interpreting meaning. (Wilson and others, 1995) With therapeutic communication, the sender, or nurse seeks to illicit a response from the receiver, the patient that is beneficial to the patients mental and physical health. Just as stress has been proven to adversely affect the health of individuals, the therapeutic approach to communication can actually help. In any given situation everyone uses communication. Everyone has seen the individual that looks like they are either angry, stressed, feeling ill or maybe sad. These emotions are communicated to others not always by words, but by gestures and facial expressions. A nurse must always be aware of these expressions in clients, for these expressions may be the only way that the nurse can tell if there is something else going on that needs their attention. The term given to this type of non-verbal communication is called, meta-communication. In meta-communication, the client may look at their amputated stump and say that it doesnt really look that bad, while at the same time tears are rolling down from their eyes. In a case such as this the nurse should stay and further explore how the person actually feels. There are many factors associated with the healing and comforting aspects of therapeutic communication. Circumstances, surroundings, and timing all play a role in the effect of therapeutic communication. If a client is being rushed down for an emergency surgery there might not be time for a bedside conversation, but the holding of a hand could convey much more than words to the client at such a moment. Ideally, for therapeutic communication to be effective the nurse must be aware of how they appear to the client. If a nurse appears rushed, for example, they are speaking quickly, their countenance looks harried, and they are breathing heavily, their eyes not on the client but perhaps on an intravenous bag on the client in the next bed. In a case like this, there is nothing that this nurse could say to the client in a therapeutic manner that the client would believe. The helping relationship has not been established and therefore therapeutic communication cannot be facilitated. Some of the emotions associated with therapeutic communication include but are not limited to the following: Professionalism, Confidentiality, Courtesy, Trust, Availability, Empathy, and Sympathy. (Potter, Patricia A. , Perry, Anne G. , Co. 2003, Basic Nursing Essentials for Practice, pg. 123, Mosby) All of these emotions go into the client nurse relationship, which must be established by the nurse as soon as possible upon first meeting the client. To begin to establish this nurse client relationship, the nurse must assess the overall message that the client is communicating to the nurse, such as fear, pain, sadness, anxiety or apathy. The nurse should be trained in keying into the message that the client is sending. Only then can the nurse determine the best therapeutic approach. Anyone that has to be thrust in to a hospital or emergency room environment has level of anxiety. This level can go up considerably when the client feels that they have been abandoned or that there is no one there that really cares about how they feel. When a client is the recipient of therapeutic communication from a caring individual, a level of trust is achieved and more than, that the clients entire countenance can change for the better. Their blood pressure, respirations and levels of stress can simultaneously decrease. When this takes place, the management of pain, if any is involved, can be resolved more quickly. The goal for a nurse is to become proficient in the medical art of therapeutic communication to facilitate the healing process, both mentally and physically. 3. Constance Kenya Despite the fact that doctors almost always get all of the credit, nurses have long been the unsung heroes of the medical profession. One of the reasons that nurses are so essential to the medical profession and to the successful healing of patients is that they naturally practice therapeutic communication. Therapeutic communication means gauging how well someone is doing by paying attention to how the person communicates, both verbally and non verbally. Good nurses develop this talent with time and experience and a healthy sense of empathy and compassion. They learn how to hone this talent and use it to take better care of their patients and sometimes even to help save lives. When a nurse comes into a room to do a post-operative check on a patient, she will do some routine things such as check the patients blood pressure, pulse, temperature, and stitches. These things are all indicators of how the patient is faring. If the patient is awake she may ask him some general questions about how he is feeling. When the patient answers the questions, the nurse not only listens to the answers, but watches the patients body language and facial expressions for signs of distress or discomfort. A patient may smile and say that he feels fine and can go home earlier than was scheduled, but his watering eyes and slightly trembling hand may say differently. Therapeutic communication not only helps with diagnosis, it also can help with healing. When a patient is concerned about his health or does not understand something that is going on with his body, the stress can be detrimental. When a nurse or doctor listens intently to the patients concerns and then addresses them calmly, the patient will often relax, and his body will be in a better state to work toward healing. Telling a post-operative patient that his pain is normal and then walking away does not alleviate much of his stress. Telling him why he is feeling the pain, how the pain medication will help, how quickly the pain will begin to subside, how well he is doing and how much better he will feel tomorrow will give him something to look forward to. The patient will relax a bit more, the pain medication will work better, and his stay in the hospital may even be a day shorter. Therapeutic communication is important for patient health, and nurses can be an essential part of making sure that it always comes into play when treating every patient. References: †¢ Therapeutic Communication A Nurses Tool http://www. articleclick. com/Article/Therapeutic-Communication-A-Nurse-s-Tool/1043905 †¢ Therapeutic Communication In The Nursing Profession http://www. nurseslearningcenter. com/articles/therapeutic_communication_in_the_nursing_profession. tml †¢ Therapeutic Communication Techniques http://www. buzzle. com/articles/therapeutic-communication-techniques. html Background of the Study Nursing is a profession that entails a caring personality. In the hospital setting, it is very hard to miss the nurses there—nurses are probably the first and last persons one might meet while in the hospital. They are also the first p erson a client usually comes in contact with in the health institution. Thus, the interaction between the nurse and patient is inevitable. It becomes a must for the nurse to communicate with the patient to give care and assistance during the patient’s stay. This is where Therapeutic Communication takes place. Therapeutic communication means that nurses use their communication skills in such a way that it will be of benefit to their patients. It means taking into account how well someone is doing by paying attention to how the person communicates, both verbally and non verbally. It makes the nurse appear more humane to a patient. Its primary goal is to make the patient feel and realize that he or she is being cared and that their pain, anxiety or emotions are well understood and adequately addressed through support, care and management. Being aware to the needs of a patient and their turmoil is very important. A lot of nurses do not recognize this and do not know how to deal efficiently with a patient as a result. Circumstances, surroundings, and timing all play a role in the effect of therapeutic communication. Ideally, for therapeutic communication to be effective the nurse must be aware of how they appear to the client. If a nurse appears rushed, for example, they are speaking quickly, their countenance looks harried, and they are breathing heavily, their eyes not on the client but perhaps on an intravenous bag on the client in the next bed. In a case like this, the helping relationship has not been established and therefore therapeutic communication cannot be facilitated. Some of the emotions associated with therapeutic communication include but are not limited to the following: Professionalism, Confidentiality, Courtesy, Trust, Availability, Empathy, and Sympathy. (Potter, Patricia A. , Perry, Anne G. , Co. 2003, Basic Nursing Essentials for Practice, pg. 123, Mosby) The international standard for the ideal ratio of nurses to patients in hospitals is 1:4. But even at the premier state hospital in the country, the Philippine General Hospital (PGH), said Dr. Jaime Galvez Tan, former Vice Chancellor for Research of the University of the Philippines-Manila and executive director of the National Institutes of Health-Philippines, the ratio of nurses to patients averages from 1:15 up to 1:25. (Bulatlat, 2005) This may be a factor why nurses here in the Philippines can no longer give sufficient therapeutic communication to their patients. The time that should be allotted for it is consumed for they still have to think about their other patient’s need as well. But, this is not enough reason for nurses to lessen the therapeutic communication that they could provide to their clients. This study will be a significant endeavor in promoting and adding knowledge to student nurses for effectiveness of their therapeutic communication. This study will also be beneficial to clinical instructors, registered nurses, and other healthcare givers who use therapeutic communication for the patient’s satisfaction. By understanding the topic and benefits of quality education, these soon-to-be healthcare providers and those who are already healthcare givers are assured of a competitive advantage. Moreover, this research will provide recommendations on how to improve the study. Statement of the Problem (Behavior Modification: relationship of patient to nurse) The study intends to determine the â€Å"Relationship of therapeutic communication of nurses as a contributing factor to patient’s satisfaction in Ospital ng Makati: A basis for tips on effective use of therapeutic communication†. Specifically, this study aims to seek the answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: (profile of the patient dw dpat so di ksma ung physical app at comm. skills ng nurse) A. Age B. Gender C. Type of hospital service 2. How does the effectiveness of therapeutic communication of nurses in Medicine ward, Surgery ward and General Ward of Osital ng Makati affect the satisfaction of the patients towards their care? (kaya ko tntnong wat ward kc ksma s tanong dto. , blank kc ung wards ng OSmak sa question sa paper n chineck ni mam) _________________1,3,5 _________________6,4,8 _________________ (eto may line n gnito c maam)2,7,9 3. What is the relationship between the perspective of patient about spending time with them of the nurses and their satisfaction? 4. Based on the findings of the study, what possible guidelines can be proposed? . List of recommendations (tips) on how therapeutic communication can be used effectively in order to ensure better therapeutic communication between the patient and the nurse. (*naitama ko n ung mga questions, yung no. 2 lang di malinaw. ) HYPOTHESES: At 0. 05 level of significance, the following hypothesis will be tested: A. There’s positive effect that can actuall y help patients if communication is approached therapeutically. B. The perspective of the patient to nurses is an aid to determine the effectiveness of therapeutic communication in patient’s satisfaction. C. The patient’s satisfaction is ensured if therapeutic communication is frequently used by the nurses. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The researchers believe that this study will strengthen the importance of therapeutic communication as an essential component of quality nursing care and will aid in the improvement of such. This study will be beneficial to the patients, as they are the primary subjects in this study. This will give them an opportunity to minimize their anxiety that can lead them to fast recovery and a higher patient’s satisfaction. In line with this, the patients can be certain that they are listened to and that their needs are being taken into account. Also, the study would be beneficial to the registered nurses who are continuously handling patients every day. This will make them value the importance of therapeutic communication for the patients, hence, *promoting better relationship could increase the satisfaction of patients. (Tama ba sentence? ) This would also make them prioritize visiting their patients in their daily activities for effective communication to occur. This study can also benefit other health care providers such as physicians. This study can aid them in formulating the plan of care of their patients. This can help them further assess the needs of the client that they do not complain about. This study will also benefit clinical instructors as to how they could teach their students to improve therapeutic communication with clients in the area. They would be able to equip their students to the life as a nurse and to give them a competitive advantage in handling their patients in the area. The study will benefit nursing students by promoting and adding knowledge on how they handle therapeutic communication with their clients. As a result of sufficient knowledge, this study could also boost the confidence of students in communicating and handling their patients during their Related Learning Experience (RLE) rotations in different areas. This can also train them to being an effective nurse in the future. Lastly, this study can also aid the future researchers. This may serve as a reference material to their research study as well. It may be able to use the result of the study in farther research similar to what the study is. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The problem under investigation was to establish how therapeutic communication influenced the recovery of the patient. This seeks to describe the effectiveness of the use of therapeutic communication of staff nurses as a nursing function to fasten recovery of the patients. This research is designed to present the concept of therapeutic communication to influence staff nurses function with regards to interaction to help in modifying the illness and providing health education to patient under recovery stage. In line with the focus of this study, the respondents are limited to patients who are admitted in Ospital ng Makati in Surgery Ward, Medicine Ward and General Ward particularly patients who are in recovery stage that has been staying for more than 1 week. Patients who are just in one hospital would be more possible to survey than to have different other hospitals. The method of data collection would be a survey-questionnaire formulated by the members of the group that would describe the effectiveness of the use of therapeutic communication. This method was chosen because it would be easier to tally than other methods. Patients are limited to 100 persons, age of 20-60, a Filipino, either male or female. Gathered data will contribute to answer questions how therapeutic communication influenced the satisfaction of the patient. This research would only serve as a study to establish how therapeutic communication influences the satisfaction of patients. This research will aim to try and formulate list of recommendations (tips) on how therapeutic communication can be used effectively in order to ensure better therapeutic